
Game controllers explained: Hall effect sticks, polling rate and compatibility
Game controllers explained: how Hall effect and TMR sticks resist drift, what polling rate means, and which pads work with PC, PS5, Xbox and Switch 2.
Gaming · How-to
Learn how to reduce input lag on PC and console with TV game mode, ALLM, 120Hz, VRR, smarter V-Sync, NVIDIA Reflex, AMD Anti-Lag and a wired controller.

Key takeaways
Input lag is the delay between pressing a button and seeing the result on screen, and you can cut most of it with settings you already have. The biggest wins are TV game mode, a higher refresh rate, variable refresh rate (VRR) instead of classic V-Sync and, on PC, a low-latency mode such as NVIDIA Reflex or AMD Anti-Lag. Here is what to change on PS5, Xbox Series X|S and Windows PCs.
Every button press travels through a chain, and each link adds a little delay:
Input lag is not the same as ping. Ping is the delay between you and an online game server, and a better network fixes it, not a faster TV. If your shots land late only in online matches, check your home network first; our Wi-Fi 7 vs Wi-Fi 6E guide is a good place to start.
| Where the delay happens | Main fix | Platforms |
|---|---|---|
| TV or monitor processing | Game mode or ALLM | All |
| Time between frames | Higher refresh rate and frame rate | All |
| Frames waiting for the display | VRR instead of V-Sync | All |
| CPU and GPU render queue | NVIDIA Reflex or AMD Anti-Lag | PC |
| Controller connection | USB cable or 2.4 GHz dongle | All |
Many TVs apply picture processing, such as motion smoothing, that suits movies but can add delay to every frame. Game mode switches the TV into a low-latency mode. Instead of making you dig through menus, HDMI Auto Low Latency Mode (ALLM) lets a console or PC signal the TV to switch into that mode automatically, then switch back when you start a movie.
A higher refresh rate means each new frame reaches your eyes sooner. NVIDIA’s system latency optimization guide puts it plainly: “Increasing your Hz is the best way to reduce display latency.”
| Refresh rate | Time between frames |
|---|---|
| 60Hz | 16.7 ms |
| 120Hz | 8.3 ms |
| 144Hz | 6.9 ms |
| 240Hz | 4.2 ms |
Frame rate matters too. Microsoft notes that when a game doubles its frame rate from 60 fps to 120 fps, it halves its internal latency. Here is where to find the settings:
In console games, a Performance mode that targets 60 or 120 fps usually feels snappier than a Quality mode locked at 30 fps. For help picking a faster screen, see our gaming monitor buying guide.
Without any sync, the screen can show parts of two frames at once, a visible split called tearing. Classic V-Sync fixes tearing by making each finished frame wait for the display’s next refresh, and that waiting adds delay. NVIDIA’s guide says V-Sync “causes back pressure from the display that reverberates through the entire system.”
VRR is the better fix. According to HDMI Licensing, it makes the display wait for each frame to be ready, which “reduces or eliminates lag, judder and frame tearing.” On PC, you will see it sold as NVIDIA G-SYNC or AMD FreeSync.
| Setup | Tearing | Added delay |
|---|---|---|
| V-Sync off, no VRR | Yes | Lowest |
| V-Sync on, no VRR | No | Highest |
| VRR, frame rate below the screen’s max | No | Low |
Windows adds a layer of its own. NVIDIA recommends exclusive fullscreen mode to bypass the Windows compositor. If you prefer windowed or borderless mode, the Windows 11 setting Optimizations for windowed games (Settings > System > Display > Graphics) moves older DirectX 10 and 11 games to a newer presentation model that Microsoft says reduces frame latency.
On a PC, the processor can race ahead of the graphics card and line up frames in a queue, so the image you see was built from older input. Both graphics chip makers offer a fix:
A note on frame generation: features like DLSS Frame Generation add AI-generated frames to raise the frame rate you see, and NVIDIA pairs them with Reflex to keep responsiveness in check. If a fast-paced game feels floaty with it on, compare it with the feature switched off.
Wireless controllers are good, but a cable is still the most direct route. Microsoft explains that on a wired Xbox Series X|S controller, “as soon as a digital state changes, the data gets transmitted.”
The Bluetooth-versus-dongle gap is real on many devices. Logitech’s G604 setup guide says its Bluetooth mode “has lower report rate” than its LIGHTSPEED 2.4 GHz receiver, and 8BitDo quotes a 1000Hz polling rate for its Ultimate 2 controller over 2.4 GHz and wired connections. Keep Bluetooth for phones and quick couch sessions.
If you play with a mouse, set its polling rate to at least 1000Hz in its software. NVIDIA says a 125Hz rate “adds up to 3ms of system latency on average” compared with 1000Hz. For help choosing a pad, see our game controllers explainer.
Start with the free fixes: game mode or ALLM, the highest refresh rate your screen supports, and VRR instead of plain V-Sync. On PC, add NVIDIA Reflex or AMD Anti-Lag wherever a game offers it, then plug in your controller or switch to its 2.4 GHz dongle. None of these steps costs money, and together they make games feel noticeably more responsive. Browse our gaming coverage for more, or find plain-English help on everything else on RedAndWhiteMagz.com.
Yes, on most TVs. Game mode switches the TV into a low-latency mode that trims the picture processing used for movies. HDMI Auto Low Latency Mode (ALLM) lets a console or PC turn game mode on for you and switch it off again when you watch a film.
A cable is the safest choice for the lowest and most consistent delay. A good 2.4 GHz dongle comes close, while Bluetooth is convenient but often reports less frequently. For casual play, most people will not notice a big difference.
Turning V-Sync off gives the lowest latency but brings back screen tearing. The better option is VRR, such as G-SYNC, FreeSync or HDMI VRR. NVIDIA says that on a G-SYNC display, leaving V-Sync on with Reflex caps the frame rate just below the refresh rate, which avoids most of the V-Sync delay.
No. Reflex has to be added by each game's developer, and you switch it on in that game's graphics settings. For games without it, NVIDIA's driver offers Ultra Low Latency Mode, and AMD offers Radeon Anti-Lag in its Adrenalin software.
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